Mastering KCSE Biology with Comprehensive Topical Questions and Answers
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2011PP1QN05
The figure below illustrates a food web in a certain ecosystem.
From the food web:
(a) draw the shortest food chain; (b) identify the organisms with the highest (i) number of predators; (ii) biomass.
answers
(a) Grass > Grasshopper >- Lizards;
(b) (i) Chicken; (ii) Grass;
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K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2011PP1QN04
State one use for each of the following apparatus in the study of living organisms.
(a) Pooter (b) Pitfall trap
answers
(a) Sucking small insects/animals;
(b) A trap into which small animals fall and get trapped;
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2011PP1QN03
Give three reasons for classifying organisms.
answers
​(i) Identify similarities and differences between organisms;
(ii) Organize scientific knowledge in an orderly system; (iii) Monitor emergence, presence and disappearance of organisms in and from the earth; (iv) Grouping organisms for easy stud
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2011PP1QN02
Name two dental diseases.
answers
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2011PP1QN01
Name two kidney diseases.
answers
​(i) Nephritis;
(ii) kidney stones; K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2010PP2QN05
When pure breeding black guinea pigs were crossed with pure breeding white guinea pigs, the offspring had a coat with black and white patches.
(a) Using letter G to represent the gene for black coat colour and letter H for white coat colour, work out the genotypic ratio of F2. (b) State the phenotypic ratio of F2. (c) (i) Name the term used when two alleles in heterozygous state are fully expressed phenotypically in an organism. (ii) Give an example of a trait in human beings where the condition whose term is named in (c) (i) above expresses itself. K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2010PP2QN04
The diagram below shows how the iris and pupil of a human eye appear under different conditions..
(a) Name the structures labelled X and Y.
X Y (b) (i) State the condition that leads to the change in appearance shown in the diagram labelled B. (ii) Describe the changes that lead to the appearance of the iris and pupil as shown in the diagram labelled B. (iii) What is the significance of the changes described in (b) (ii) above?
ANSWERS
(a) X Pupil;
Y Circular muscles; (b) (i) Dull/dim light/low light intensity; (ii) Circular muscles (in iris) relax; while radial muscles contract; the pupil becomes bigger; allowing more light to enter the eye; (iii) Allows one to visualize objects/see under dim light; K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2010PP2QN03
The diagram below represents a food web in a certain ecosystem.
(a) Name the trophic level occupied by each of the following:
(î) caterpillars; (ii) small insects. (b) From the food web, construct two food chains which end with lizards as a tertiary consumer. (e) (i) Which organisms have the least biomass in this ecosystem? (ii) Explain the answer in (c) (1) above.
ANSWERS
​(a) (i) Primary consumers;
(ii) Primary/secondary consumers; (b) Green plants — Caterpillars — Lizards; Decaying leaves —Caterpillars — small insects — Lizards; (e) (i) Hawks; (ii) At each trophic level energy is lost as heat in respiration; and during decomposition; lost in defecation/faeces/ waste products or metabolism/excretion; some parts of organism not eaten e.g. feathers; K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2010PP2QN02
The diagram below shows blood circulation in a mammalian tissue.
(a) Name the parts labelled P and Q.
P . Q . (b) Name the substances that are: (i) required for respiration that move out of capillaries; (ii) removed from tissue cells as a result of respiration. (e) Explain how substances move from blood capillaries into the tissue cells. (d) Name one component of the blood that is not found in the part labelled P.
answers
(a)
P Tissue fluid/intercellular/interstitial fluid/space; Q Venule; (b) (i) Glucose, oxygen; (ii) Carbon (iv) Oxide, water; (c) Blood entering arteriole has a high pressure; the pressure forces water and small solute molecules in blood to go through capillary wall forming tissue fluids; nutrients/oxygen more into the tissue cells by diffusion; (d) Red Blood cells/proteins/platelets; K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2010PP2QN01
In an experiment, disinfected soaked bean seeds were put in a vacuum flask which was then fitted with a thermometer as shown in the diagram below.
The temperature readings were taken every morning for three consecutive days.
(a) Which process was being investigated? (b) (i) What were the expected results? (ii) Account for the answer in (b)(i) above, (c) Why were the seeds disinfected? (d) Why was a vacuum flask used in the set-up? (e) How would a control for this experiment be set?
answers
(a) Respiration;
(b) (i) Increase/rise in thermometer reading/temperature; (ii) Carbohydrates/starch/glucose in germinating seeds is broken down/oxidised to get energy; some of the energy is released as heat; (which increases temperature reading). (c) To kill bacteria/fungi/microorganisms; that would cause decay/decomposition/respiration of the beans; (d) To conserve heat/prevent heat loss to surroundings; (e) Use similar set-up but with dead and disinfected beans seeds/ use dead disinfected bean seeds/use dry bean seeds; K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2010PP1QN22
What is the function of the following structures in the human reproductive organs?
(a) Fallopian tubes. (b) Epididymis. (c) Scrotal sac.
answers
(a) Passage of ova;
(b) Storage of sperms; (c) Hold the testis; K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2010PP1QN21
The diagram below represents part of the human skeleton.
(a) Name the part labelled P.
(b) (i) Name the bone that articulates with the part labelled Q. (ii) What type of joint is formed between the part labelled Q and the bone named in (b)(i) above? .
answers
(a) P sutures;
(b) (i) Atlas; (ii) Hinge joint;
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2010PP1QN20
State two advantages of internal fertilization in humans.
answers
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2010PP1QN19
State the changes that occur in arterioles in the human skin during thermoregulation.
answers
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2010PP1QN18
Give two reasons why animals have specialised organs for excretion as compared to plants.
answers
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2010PP1QN17
The following is the dental formula of a certain mammal:
(a) State the likely mode of feeding for the mammal.
(b) Give a reason for your answer in (a) above.
answers
(a) Herbivorous;
(b) Lack canines on upper Jaw/lack incisors on upper jaws;
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2010PP1QN16
What is the role of bile salts in digestion in humans?
answers
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2010PP1QN15
A potted plant was kept in the dark for 48 hours, Two leaves X and Y were treated as shown in the diagram below.
The experimental set-up was kept in sunlight for 6 hours after which a starch test was carried out on the two leaves. .
(a) What were the results of the starch test on leaves X and Y’? X Y (b) Give reasons for your answers in (a) above.
answers
a) X — Starch present;
Y-Starch absent; b) X - Acts as a control; Y - CO2 absent absorbed by potassium hydroxide pellets; Explain why it is not advisable to be in a poorly ventilated room with a burning charcoal stove.24/6/2020
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2010PP1QN14
Explain why it is not advisable to be in a poorly ventilated room with a burning charcoal stove.
answer
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2010PP1QN13
What is meant by the following terms?
(a) Habitat; (b) Ecosystem.
answers
(a) Place or environment in which specified organisms live;
(b) A natural unit with abiotic and biotic factors; K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2010PP1QN12
The diagram below illustrates the structure of bread mould.
(a) Name the part labelled J.
J K (b) State the functions of the structure labelled K.
answers
(a) J – sporangium
K-Rhizoids (b)- Absorption of soluble substances/ digested food - Secretion of digestive enzymes; - Anchorage(of mould on substrate); K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2010PP1QN11
The diagram below shows a transverse section of a leaf.
(a) Name the habitat of the plant from which the leaf was obtained.
(b) Give two reasons for your answer in (a) above.
answers
(a) Aquatic;
(b) Large air space/aerenchyma to enhance transpiration; Sclereids for mechanical support of leaf; Stomata on upper epidermis to enhance transpiration:
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2010PP1QN10
State two advantages of hybrid vigour.
answers
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2010PP1QN09
State two ways in which chloroplasts are adapted to their function.
answers
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