COMPUTER STUDIES QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
EXPLAIN THE USE OF THE FOLLOWING PROTOCOLS WITH REGARD TO OSI REFERENCE MODEL.(A) TCP (B) SMTP (C) FTP (D) IPTransmission Control Protocol (TCP):manages the movement of data from a source to a destination in a reliable manner. Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP):manages the transmission of email from a source to a destination on the internet. File Transfer Protocol (FTP):enables the uploading of files on the internet Internet Protocol (IP):enables unique addressing of each computer on the internet and performs source to destination forwarding and routing of data packets.
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Describe the OSI reference model.
An open systems interconnection (OSI) model has seven layers with distinct functions that help designers develop high quality layered protocols. The layers include:
Application layer
user applications run here and generate requests for data transmission or open received information.
Presentation layer
adds formatting, display and encryption information to the data being sent.
Session layer
sets up data transmission sessions between two communicating devices.
Transport layer
manages data transfer over the network to ensure reliability
Network layer
routes and adds addressing information to data packets to data packets
Data link layer
adds error checking information and prepares data going onto the physical connection.
Physical layer
data packets are finally transmitted through a transmission media in form of bits.
​Explain the importance of protocols in the establishment of internetwork infrastructure.26/11/2022 Explain the importance of protocols in the establishment of internetwork infrastructure.A protocol is a networking or internetworking software that has a special set of rules governing how computers communicate to each other on the network.
The protocols govern data formats, inter-packet conversions and other control information related to communication between computers. Define a network operating system and list six of its functions.A network operating system is a special software that runs on servers and some internetworking devices like routers.
Its main functions include:
State three categories of networking software.
Explain the importance of the following connectivity devices: (a) Wireless access point (c) Gateway (b) Router (d) WAN switch
Write the acronym PCMCIA in full. PCMCIA means Personal Computer Memory Card International Association. It is an association founded in 1989 which develops standards for expansion cards for portable computers. The cards standardized by the organisation are referred to as PCMCIA cards.
Explain the use of the following network connectivity devices: (a) Network interface card (b) Hub (c) Intelligent hub (d) Bridge (e) Repeater (g) Modem (f) LAN switch
WHAT IS AN IP ADDRESS?An IP address is a unique address that identifies a device on the internet or a local network. IP stands for "Internet Protocol," which is the set of rules governing the format of data sent via the internet or local network.
Differentiate between an active hub and a passive hub.An active hub plugs into a power source and has the capability to amplify a signal, while a passive hub is not plugged into a power source and simply connects the various nodes.
Highlight the use of VSAT as a medium of communication.VSAT stands for very small aperture terminal. This is a satellite transmission system that utilises small microwave dishes at home or office to receive data, TV and radio on satellite links.
Using an illustration, demonstrate how data can be transferred across the Atlantic Ocean using a satellite transmission system.The sending earth station on one side of the Atlantic Ocean sets up an uplink with a satellite on a unique frequency. The satellite receives the message, cleans it, amplifies and sends it to the recipient earth station on the other side of the Atlantic Ocean on a different frequency in order to avoid interference.
Define and give examples of network connectivity devices. A network communication/connectivity device is one through which all physical network links are made. These devices do not make any changes to the transmitted data.
Examples of such devices include network interface card (NIC), hub, bridge, LAN switch, repeaters, wireless access point, MODEM, routers and gateways. Define the following terms: (a) communication satellite (b) A satellite footprint (c) uplink channel (e) geostationary satellite (b) satellite footprint (d) downlink channel
Identify five practical application areas of infrared waves.
Analyse the properties of infrared light in the table below and decide whether they are true or false.​Internet users can enjoy internet services if connected using WiMAX. Explain how it works.21/11/2022 Internet users can enjoy internet services if connected using WiMAX. Explain how it works.Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) is an internet protocol (IP) based on terrestrial microwave broadband internet connection over a metropolitan area for distances of upto 15 kilometres. It provides conditions similar to Wi-Fi but at longer distances and good quality of service (QoS).
Using an illustration, explain how data is transmitted on terrestrial microwave relay stations.21/11/2022 Using an illustration, explain how data is transmitted on terrestrial microwave relay stations.Microwaves have frequencies ranging from 30 - 40 GHz on the electromagnetic spectrum and wavelengths of upto a few metres.
They have the ability to penetrate haze, snow and even clouds. They are transmitted in a unidirectional manner; making them suitable for point to point links using concave antennae. The transmitting dish sends a unidirectional microwave beam towards the receiving dish. Due to their high bandwidth, terrestrial microwave stations can be used to transmit heavy multimedia data between the source and the destination. Laptops and high end phones have been observed to access the internet wirelessly in some modern restaurants, airport lounges and designated public areas. Identify the type of connectivity and features that enable this to happen.Wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) or wireless LAN hotspots allow notebook PCs and other hand held devices such as WLAN-enabled mobile phone to access the internet. The hotspot is set up by a Wi-Fi router which enables the roaming device to remotely connect to the organisation's internet services.
Bluetooth connectivity has its benefits and limitations. Explain.The main advantage of bluetooth is that it is a high speed short range wireless communication medium. Its main disadvantage is that bluetooth enabled devices are at a risk of illegal surveillance and their data being illegally accessed due to their wireless discoverability.
A mobile phone user observed that every time her phone came close to her neighbours phone (within 300 m radius), a prompt appeared on the screen asking whether a connection should be established. Explain the most probable wireless connectivity available on both mobile phones.Bluetooth It provides short range communication of upto 300 metres radius between devices. Bluetooth-enabled devices within that range can automatically detect each other hence communicating.
Differentiate between bluetooth and infrared transmission media.Bluetooth is a short range radio wireless communication medium that can pass through barriers like a wall hence not limited to line- of-sight transmission. Infrared transmission, on the other hand, as uses infrared rays to transmit data along the line-of-sight hence it cannot penetrate walls.
A passenger on a cruise ship observed that while on high seas, the crew sent messages to land by transmitting the radio waves towards the sky. Describe this type of transmission. The crew were most likely using high frequency radio waves. These waves are reflected by the earth's ionosphere; hence, over the horizon propagation can be achieved by propagating them towards the sky so that they can be reflected to the destination.
State three examples of unguided transmission media.
​Differentiate between Very High Frequency (VHF) and Ultra High Frequency (UHF) radio waves.19/11/2022 Differentiate between Very High Frequency (VHF) and Ultra High Frequency (UHF) radio waves.
VHF waves occupy the space just above the HF waves on the electromagnetic spectrum. Their frequency ranges from 30-300 MHz. They are ideal for short range terrestrial communication. They are easily blocked by obstacles and cannot be directly propagated beyond the horizon, hence the need for repeaters that have line of sight contact. UHF waves, on the other hand, are propagated within a localised region for high quality signal reception than VHF. Their frequency ranges from 300 MHz to 3 000 MHz on the electromagnetic spectrum. Due to their small wavelengths, they require smaller aerials to receive the signal.
State four areas where VHF transmission is used.
State four areas where UHF radio waves are used.
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