KCSE History and Government Questions With Answers
Explain five ways in which West African communities benefited from the Trans- Saharan Trade.14/5/2020 Explain five ways in which West African communities benefited from the Trans- Saharan Trade.
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What five factors undermined the trans- Saharan trade?
Explain six factors that contributed to the spread of Christianity up to the thirteenth century A.D14/5/2020 Explain six factors that contributed to the spread of Christianity up to the thirteenth century A.D
What three factors have led to the development of religious beliefs in societies
Desire to understand things that were beyond human understanding such as the sun, moon, floods and drought Search for security in the face of uncertain to human existence e.g. death, diseases and war Attempts by the human race to explain their existence on earth i.e. the belief in existence of a force behind creation Desire to keep the community together Desire for unity Direct/ indirect divine revelation to certain individuals in the society. Explain four advantage of the land tenure system in Britain
Why did the industrial revolution take place in Britain ahead of other European countries?14/5/2020 Why did the industrial revolution take place in Britain ahead of other European countries?
Britain had ready markets for industrial products within the British Empire The empire was also a source of raw material for industries in Britain. She had large reserves of coal, which was used, as a source of industrial Energy She had a well- established cottage industry which provided a basis for the industrial growth Some of the inventions that accelerated industrialization were made in Britain e.g. steam engine Britain had developed a strong economic base in her participation in overseas trade. There existed a class of rich businessmen who were keen to invest in the Industries Availability of labour following the displacement of peasants as a result of the Agrarian revolution. Agrarian revolution led to production of adequate food for the industrial Workers. Existence of well developed banking and insurance systems which advanced loans to entrepreneurs Protection of her trading ships from piracy by her strong navy Britain had a well- developed transport system both land and water Availability of skilled labour Britain enjoyed relatively long period of peace and stability Explain five consequences of urbanization on European communities during the nineteenth century.14/5/2020 Explain five consequences of urbanization on European communities during the nineteenth century.
What five factors influenced the development of early urban centers in Africa?
Discovery of crop farming led to the development of farming centers which attracted population and later became towns Trading activities between different communities led to the development of trading centres which later became town. Trading centres that were used for religious activities developed into towns. Areas that had adequate security attracted population concentration and thus led to the development of towns. Places that were used for administrative functions developed into towns Places along the coast where ships stopped for supplies developed into towns. Mining centres developed into settlements which became towns for example Meroe. Places where water for use was available attracted settlements and grew into Towns. Towns developed at cross- routes Development of centres of learning e.g. Alexandria Explain five constitutional changes which took place in Kenya between 1954 and 1963.
The Lyttleton constitution of 1954 led to the appointment of the first Africa minister and nomination of other Africa leaders to the Legislative Council. In 1957 the first all races elections were held and Africans were elected in 8 constituencies. The Lennox Boyd constitution gave more seats to Africans – from 8 to 14 members. For the first item more Africans were elected to the legislative council. The first Lancaster House Conference of 1960 gave Africans more seats in the Legco. Thus African representation moved from 14 to 33 members. In 1960 the state of emergency was lifted and Africans were allowed to form country wide political parties, National political parties – KANU and KADU were formed. The second Lancaster House Conference drew up the independence constitution Kenya was to become Majimbo / a federal state. In 1961 the first general elections were held and KANU won but refused to form the government until the release of Kenyatta. KADU formed the government with Ngala as leader of government business. On June 1st, 1963 Kenya got internal self – government with Kenyatta as the first prime minister. On December 12th, 1963 Kenya attained full independence. What five role did Kenya Africa union (KAU) play in promoting nationalism in Kenya between 1944 and 1953?
KAU influenced the British colonial government to increase African representation in the Legislative Council. It opened up branches in various parts of the country to educate the African on the need to unite against European domination. It published its own paper, sauti ya mwafrika to populatises its objectives throughout the country. It supported Eliud Mathu who was appointed to the Legislative council in various ways. It supported the grievances of the Africans in international for It supported the activities of the Mau Mau freedom fighters by giving them moral and material support. It provides leadership for the nationalist struggle. It laid the foundation for the formation of KANU which led Kenya to independence. It organized rallies in most parts of the country to create awareness on the rights of the Africans. It held discussions with the colonial government about Kenya’s political future. It supported trade unions. Explain six reasons why Britain was interested is establishing control over Kenya during the scramble for East Africa.
Britain wanted free access through Kenya Uganda in order to control the source of Nile – this was critical to her interests in the Nile valley and Egypt. Britain wanted to establish strategic stations along the to safeguard their interest in India. British wanted a source of raw materials for her industries and markets for her manufactured goods. To protect British traders and missionaries who were already operating in the region. To help stop slavery and slave trade through direct occupation of the region. To promote legitimate trade in the region by developing other economic ventures e.g. plantation farming / investment of surplus capital, naturalism plus prestige. Describe five results of the collaboration between Mumia of the Wanga and the British.
Explain four factors which led to the decline of the coastal settlements between 1500 and 1700.14/5/2020 Explain four factors which led to the decline of the coastal settlements between 1500 and 1700.
Rivalry for the control of the Indian Ocean trade weakened the coastal settlements. Each one of them wanted to dominate the trade. Wars of conquest by the Portuguese against the coastal settlements.Destroyed and wakened many of them. Establishment of Portuguese rule at the coast led to disruption of the Indian Ocean trade – the main economic base of the towns. The Portuguese also diverted trade to Portugal leaving them with little revenue. Invasion of the settlements by the Zimba a warrior community from the Zambezi valley – they caused widespread destruction. Occasional unfavourable climatic conditions which characterized the period let to inadequate rainfall and shortage of water in some coastal settlements. For example Gedi which subsequently declined. Conflicts / wars between Oman Arabs and the Portuguese over the control of the coastal settlements affected economic activitities in the area. Some Africa middlemen diverted trade goods to Northern routes by – passing the towns that were under Portuguese control. Describe the way of life of the people who lived in the coastal city states by 1500
Describe the political organization of the Maasai during the pre-colonial period.
Explain five results of the migration and settlement of the plain nilotes in Kenya
Describe the functions of the British parliament
What role does the Queen of England play in relation to the British Government
At the end of elections. The monarch invites the leader of party with the majority votes in the House of commons to form the Government/ invites the prime minister to form the government The Monarch formality opens parliament at the beginning of a new sessic The monarch is the legal head of the state and the symbol of national Before a bill becomes law the monarch gives the Royal assent The monarch has the powers to officially to dissolve the parliament at the end of its tenure of office. Describe the results of the battle of Adowa
What factors led to the success of Menelik of Ethiopia against the Italians the battle of Adowa?14/5/2020 What factors led to the success of Menelik of Ethiopia against the Italians the battle of Adowa?
Menelik had the support of the provincial rulers/ kings supplied him with information/ military support The monarch approves the appointment of the cabinet The monarch nominates the members of the House of Lords The monarch is the commander in chief of the armed forces The monarch exercises the prerogative of mercy of ereminal The monarch summons a new session of parliament after general election. Describe the political organization of the Ndebele during the pre- colonial period
The Ndebele were organized into kingdom The king was the commander in chief of the army and had powers to declare war or make peace The king was the supreme judge of the kingdom The kingdom was divided into settlements/ military kraals Eache Kraal was ruled by a pointee of the King known as induna Indunas had very little autonomy as they implemented the king’s decisions The settlements were further divided into units which were ruled by junior officers The kind kept a standing army which was used to conquer new land and defend the kingdom against external attacks The king kept a network of spies who kept him informed of all that we going on in the kingdom. Headed by hereditary kings To enhance loyalty & national unity a king married form various (direction form various directions of the country) What were the economic activities of the Ndebele during the nineteenth century?
The Ndebele kept cattle They traded with their neighbours and people from the coast They grew crops such as cassava and millet & maize They raided for cattle, especially the warriors They practiced crafts such as basket weaving They hunted animals and gathered wild roots and fruits Six factors affected Christian missionary activities in Africa during the nineteenth century14/5/2020 Six factors affected Christian missionary activities in Africa during the nineteenth century
Tropical diseases such as Malaria, which claimed many lives of missionaries and scared other who gave up and returned home Lack of adequate funds to finance missionary activities Poor means of transport forced them to walk along distances/ journeys difficult terrain Language barrier hindered effective communication with the people Harsh tropical climate made it difficult for the missionaries to perform their work effectively. Hostility of the African leaders or community who feared losing their control over the people as a result of conversion to Christianity Hostility to slave traders who saw Christianity as a threat to their trading activities Opposition from Muslim dominated areas where Christianity posed a threat to the Islamic faith Opposition from the Africans who saw Christianity as a threat to their traditional religion and cultural values/ practices The missionaries were few in number and therefore unable to reach many people Conflicts/ differences between various Christian groups undermined their effectiveness Danger posed by wild animals e.g. snakes Shortage of medicine water and food Theft of medicine and their supplies Desertion by potters, guards/ loneliness e.t.c Why were Christian missionary societies established in Europe?
Explain six factors which promoted plantation farming in Europe during the agrarian revolution14/5/2020 Explain six factors which promoted plantation farming in Europe during the agrarian revolution
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