KCSE History and Government Questions With Answers
Explain six powers that the constitution of Kenya gives to the president.
Powers to prorogue parliament / dissolve the National Assembly. Powers to appoint and dismiss senior public officials / servants. Powers to appoint and dismiss the vice president and ministers. Powers to pardon criminals who are convicted in a court of law. Powers to maintain peace in the country by upholding the rule of law/detention. Powers to preserve public security through declaring the state of emergency. Powers to permit ministers and other officers into and civil service to be out of the country. Powers to form government after a general election. Powers to declare war or make peace with enemies. Powers to establish commissions of enquiry to investigate issues of national importance. Powers to perform the official opening of parliament after general elections. Powers to nominate members of parliament after a general election.
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What were the three main features of the independence constitution of Kenya?
It provided for the establishment of a federal government. It spelt out that the party with the majority forms the government /multiparty. It spelt out the rights and obligations of individuals/ citizens It provided for the establishment of National Assembly consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives. It provided for a position / post of prime Minister to head the government and a Governor General to head the state. It spelt out the powers and responsibilities of the central government and regional governments. It established regional governments with regional Assemblies and presidents. It divided responsibities between regional governments and the control government. Explain five constitutional changes which took place in Kenya between 1954 and 1963.
The Lyttleton constitution of 1954 led to the appointment of the first Africa minister and nomination of other Africa leaders to the Legislative Council. In 1957 the first all races elections were held and Africans were elected in 8 constituencies. The Lennox Boyd constitution gave more seats to Africans – from 8 to 14 members. For the first item more Africans were elected to the legislative council. The first Lancaster House Conference of 1960 gave Africans more seats in the Legco. Thus African representation moved from 14 to 33 members. In 1960 the state of emergency was lifted and Africans were allowed to form country wide political parties, National political parties – KANU and KADU were formed. The second Lancaster House Conference drew up the independence constitution Kenya was to become Majimbo / a federal state. In 1961 the first general elections were held and KANU won but refused to form the government until the release of Kenyatta. KADU formed the government with Ngala as leader of government business. On June 1st, 1963 Kenya got internal self – government with Kenyatta as the first prime minister. On December 12th, 1963 Kenya attained full independence. What five role did Kenya Africa union (KAU) play in promoting nationalism in Kenya between 1944 and 1953?
KAU influenced the British colonial government to increase African representation in the Legislative Council. It opened up branches in various parts of the country to educate the African on the need to unite against European domination. It published its own paper, sauti ya mwafrika to populatises its objectives throughout the country. It supported Eliud Mathu who was appointed to the Legislative council in various ways. It supported the grievances of the Africans in international for It supported the activities of the Mau Mau freedom fighters by giving them moral and material support. It provides leadership for the nationalist struggle. It laid the foundation for the formation of KANU which led Kenya to independence. It organized rallies in most parts of the country to create awareness on the rights of the Africans. It held discussions with the colonial government about Kenya’s political future. It supported trade unions. Explain six reasons why Britain was interested is establishing control over Kenya during the scramble for East Africa.
Britain wanted free access through Kenya Uganda in order to control the source of Nile – this was critical to her interests in the Nile valley and Egypt. Britain wanted to establish strategic stations along the to safeguard their interest in India. British wanted a source of raw materials for her industries and markets for her manufactured goods. To protect British traders and missionaries who were already operating in the region. To help stop slavery and slave trade through direct occupation of the region. To promote legitimate trade in the region by developing other economic ventures e.g. plantation farming / investment of surplus capital, naturalism plus prestige. Describe five results of the collaboration between Mumia of the Wanga and the British.
Explain four factors which led to the decline of the coastal settlements between 1500 and 1700.14/5/2020 Explain four factors which led to the decline of the coastal settlements between 1500 and 1700.
Rivalry for the control of the Indian Ocean trade weakened the coastal settlements. Each one of them wanted to dominate the trade. Wars of conquest by the Portuguese against the coastal settlements.Destroyed and wakened many of them. Establishment of Portuguese rule at the coast led to disruption of the Indian Ocean trade – the main economic base of the towns. The Portuguese also diverted trade to Portugal leaving them with little revenue. Invasion of the settlements by the Zimba a warrior community from the Zambezi valley – they caused widespread destruction. Occasional unfavourable climatic conditions which characterized the period let to inadequate rainfall and shortage of water in some coastal settlements. For example Gedi which subsequently declined. Conflicts / wars between Oman Arabs and the Portuguese over the control of the coastal settlements affected economic activitities in the area. Some Africa middlemen diverted trade goods to Northern routes by – passing the towns that were under Portuguese control. Describe the way of life of the people who lived in the coastal city states by 1500
Describe the political organization of the Maasai during the pre-colonial period.
Explain five results of the migration and settlement of the plain nilotes in Kenya
Identify one main factor led main issue that is addressed in the national budget in Kenya.14/5/2020 Identify one main factor led main issue that is addressed in the national budget in Kenya.
The amount of revenue the government requires and plans to raise Sources from which the government intends to raise the revenue How the government intends to spends the revenue What is the main role of the Attorney General as an Ex- officio member of the parliament?
Advises the parliament and the government on the matters What main factor led the split of the Forum for the restoration of Democracy Party (FORD) in 1992?14/5/2020 What main factor led the split of the Forum for the restoration of Democracy Party (FORD) in 1992?
Differences/ disagreements over the election of officials/ delegates ideological differences/ personality State one way in which the Kenya constitution promotes national unity
Guarantees equal opportunity to all Kenyans Provides protection to individuals against any form of discrimination Bill of rights Provide for unitary government Identify one problem which independent schools faced during the colonial period.
Hostility from the government and missionaries Inadequate teachers Inadequate funds and facilities Lack of facilities State two objectives of education offered by Christian missionaries in Kenya during the colonial period
To teach Africans basic literacy and numeracy skills To teach Africans better farming methods To train Africans catechists To teach Africans basic technical skills Civilize, better methods of hygiene Give two ways through which the colonial government controlled the migration of the Africans to urban centers
State one feature of the political associations that were formed in Kenya between 1920 and 193914/5/2020 State one feature of the political associations that were formed in Kenya between 1920 and 1939
They were mainly ethnic based/ they lacked national outlook They addressed specific grievances affecting the ethnic groups Their demands focused mainly on the welfare of the people Led by educated Africans Identify one method, which was used by the colonial administration to attract European settlers to Kenya
Provide efficient railway transport connecting the coast and the interior Alienation of the white highlands for European settlement Advertising the availability of free land in Kenya in foreign newspapers Loans Security Identifying two methods, which long distances traders used to acquire slaves during the nineteenth century
Ways which Christianity undermined African culture in Kenya
For it preached against African customs e.g. polygamy and female circumcision It also undermined African traditional religious and beliefs as Africans adapted Christianity and stopped believing in the ancestral spirits. The Portuguese were able to conquer the coastal settlement by 1500 because
Early urban centers along the Kenyan coast were built on islands
Factors which enabled traders from Arabia to come to Kenyan coast
Why the Mijikenda lived in the Kaya
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