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SPREADSHEETS.Definition of a Spreadsheet.
A Spreadsheet is a ledger sheet that lets the user enter, edit, and manipulate numerical data.
A Spreadsheet usually consists of a series of rows & columns in which data entries can be made. Types of Spreadsheets:
There are 2 types of spreadsheets:
1). Manual spreadsheet:
A Manual spreadsheet is ledger book with many sheets of papers divided into rows and columns for entering/writing data.
The data is entered manually using a pen or pencil. 2). Electronic Spreadsheet:
A computer program that looks like the manual ledger sheet with rows & columns for entering data that can be manipulated mathematically using of formulae.
Advantages of Electronic Spreadsheets over Manual Worksheets.
An electronic spreadsheet:
Examples of the commonly used Spreadsheet packages
Review Questions.
COMPONENTS OF A SPREADSHEETA spreadsheet has 3 main components, namely;
Workbook:
When working in any spreadsheet program, you use workbook files to hold your information. A Workbook is a file in a spreadsheet package that contains one or more worksheets. The worksheets are made up of rows & columns in which you work and store your data. A Workbook allows the user to organize various kinds of related information in a single file. Database:
Spreadsheet programs such as Excel have special features, which can be used to manage data values entered in the cells of the spreadsheet.
These features, which are found on the Data menu, were incorporated in Excel but they belong to Database Management System software. Examples of such features include: Filtering of records, use of Forms, calculating of Subtotals, data validation, Pivot tables and Pivot chart reports. Example:
If related data values are entered on the same row, they form a Record. Hence, a worksheet can be manipulated as a database that has data records entered in it.
Graphs/Charts:
A Chart is a graphical/pictorial representation of data in a worksheet. Charts are used to summarize data in a worksheet in a pictorial form. They enable the users to present complex data elements from a worksheet in a simple format that they can understand. Charts make it easy for users to see comparisons, patterns, and trends in data, e.g., instead of having to analyse several columns of a worksheet, one can see at a glance whether sales are falling or rising. Examples of charts are: Pie charts, Line graphs, Bar charts, Histograms, Column charts, etc. Review Questions.
Application areas of spreadsheets (Areas where Spreadsheets are used)1. Accounting.
Spreadsheets provide an easy & streamlined means of financial management. They are mostly used by Accountants to record their daily transactions & also keep financial records.
For example; a spreadsheet can be used to do the following:
2. Data management.
A spreadsheet enables information to be produced easily and kept up-to-date.
For example;
3. Scientific Applications.
Spreadsheet programs can be used by Scientists & Researchers to compile & analyse their results.
4. Statistical analysis / Mathematical operations.
Spreadsheets provide a set of data analysis tools that can be used to develop complex statistical analyses. In addition, some of the tools generate charts.
Examples of statistical functions include:
5. Forecasting (What if analysis).
The automatic recalculation feature makes it possible to use the “What if” analysis technique.
What if analysis is a feature in a spreadsheet that is used to find out the effect of changing certain values in a worksheet on other cells. It involves changing the value of one of the arguments in a formula in order to see the difference the change would make on the result of the calculation. This method can be used for financial forecasting, budgeting, cost analysis, etc. Review Questions.
Common features of Electronic spreadsheets.
The following are the typical facilities provided by electronic spreadsheets: An electronic spreadsheet: -
Review Questions.
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