Mastering Computer Studies: Unleash Your Potential in Computer Science and Hardware
Network softwareNetwork software can be classified into 2 main groups:
Network Operating systemsThese are operating systems specifically designed to enable the networked computers to respond to service requests. Servers run on a network operating system. Functions of network operating systems
A network operating system performs the following network related functions:
Network OS are normally designed as Multi-user operating systems that run the network server program. Examples of network operating systems are:
ProtocolsProtocols are a set of rules and procedures that govern the communication between two different devices or people. E.g., a diplomat from a foreign country must adhere to the set rules and procedures of communication when representing his country in the host country. In computer networking, Protocols are the rules and technical procedures that govern communication between the different computers on the network. How Protocols work
The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model.
Interconnecting of the various hardware & software products from different manufacturers together into a single network requires that the equipment must be able to communicate and work with each other.
The OSI reference model defines standard (uniform) methods which enable different systems to interoperate with each other and to be portable across one another. Network protocols are usually designed using the OSI reference model. To facilitate communication between application processes located on different computers, the model groups similar computer communication protocols into 7 layers, each performing specific functions. Protocols at the Application layer:They provide services to application programs such as the E-mail editor program that enables composing or reading of e-mail messages. Examples of protocols at the Application layer include:
Protocols at the Transport layer:They ensure that data is passed between computers more reliably. Examples of protocols at the Transport layer include:
Protocols at the Network layer:They provide link services, e.g., they handle addressing and routing information, error checking and retransmission of requests. Examples of protocols at the Network layer include:
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