Mastering Computer Studies: Unleash Your Potential in Computer Science and Hardware
Communication devicesFor a network to be fully operational, communication devices are required, and act as interfaces between the Terminal devices. Terminal equipments are the devices at both ends of the communication link, e.g., computers. Some of the data communication devices are: 1. Network Interface cards (NIC)
A NIC acts as a physical connection (link/interface) between the computer & a properly terminated transmission cable. A NIC is plugged into an empty expansion slot on the motherboard, and has ports at the back in which the terminated end of a network cable can be plugged. 2. A Modem and a CodecA Modem converts a digital signal to analogue form so that it can be transmitted over an analogue media. A Codec converts an analogue signal to digital form so that it can be transmitted over a digital medium. A modem can be external, an add-on card or built on the motherboard. 3. Hub (Concentrator)A Hub is a component that connects computers on a network, and is able to relay signals from one computer to another on the same network. A Hub usually connects networks that have the same set of communication software usually called Protocols.
A Hub transmits signals by broadcasting them to all the computers on the network. After the signal is broadcasted, the computer whose address is on the message then picks the message from the network.
Several hubs can be connected together one after another to expand a network. Intelligent hubsIntelligent hubs are able to monitor the way computers are communicating on the network, and keep the information in their own database called management information base (MIB). The network server can then use this information to fine-tune the network.
4. BridgesThis is a network device that selectively determines the appropriate network segment for which a message is meant to be delivered. It does this through address filtering. Purpose of using a Bridge
5. RepeaterA Repeater receives a signal from one segment of a network, cleans it to remove any distortion, boosts it, and then sends it to another segment. It therefore, enables the network to eliminate attenuation problems. Note. Repeaters can easily be used to expand a network. This is because; they broadcast the same message to other network segments.
6. RoutersA Router connects different networks, and directs the transfer of data packets from source to destination. Note. Routing depends on network addresses. Each network has a unique address (or identifier) called the IP address. The router will receive a packet of data from another router on the network, and check the network address of the destination. If the address is the same as the one on which the router is, the router will then read the address of the host and then pass the data packet to the destination, otherwise the packet will be routed to the next network address. NB: Network addressing has been made possible because of the use of a special interconnecting protocol called the Internet Protocol (IP). 7. GatewaysA Gateway is any device that can be configured to provide access to a Wide Area Network or the Internet. Note. A gateway may be a router, or a computer configured to provide access to the Internet. 8. SwitchesUnlike a hub, a Switch forwards a data packet directly to the terminal equipment on the network without broadcasting. It does this by connecting the two nodes point-to-point as if they were linked by a direct cable. Note. Some hubs can also act as switches. Such a hub is referred to as a switching hub.
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