Mastering KCSE Biology with Comprehensive Topical Questions and Answers
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2015PP1QN13
State three differences between the end products of mitosis and meiosis.
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K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2015PP1QN12
​(a) What is meant by each of the following:
(i) pyramid of biomass? (ii) pyramid of numbers’? (b) During an ecological visit to the Savanna Grassland, students were able to see lions, antelopes, vultures and pastoralists grazing their cattle. Construct a food chain with four consumer levels to illustrate the energy flow in the ecosystem.
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2015PP1QN11
Name two structures used for gaseous exchange in plants.
answers
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2015PP1QN10
The diagram below illustrates the skulls of adult human and chimpanzee.
​(a) State one difference between the two skulls in the following structures:
​(b) State the significance of the evolution observed on the parietal bone in the chimpanzee and human skulls.
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2015PP1QN09
The diagram below shows an experimental set up to investigate a certain physiological process in plants.
​(a) State the aim of the experiment.
(b) State the role of the following in the experiment: (i) potassium hydroxide; (ii) aluminum foil. (c) Account for the expected colour change in tube F.
answers
​(a) To show that carbon (TV) oxide is produced during respiration in plants;
(b) (i) Absorb carbon (IV) oxide from the (incoming) air; (ii) Exclude light / to prevent photosynthesis; (c) No colour change in tube F / no observable colour change. Carbon (IV) oxide removed/absorbed from air by potassium hydroxide.
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2015PP1QN08
State two control measures for malaria.
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K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2015PP1QN08
Name the organism that:
(î) causes malaria; (ii) transmits malaria.
answers
​(i) Plasmodium spp/malariae, vivax, Ovale, falseparum;
(ii) Anopheles female mosquito;
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2015PP1QN07
How is a guard cell structurally adapted for gaseous exchange?
answers
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2015PP1QN06
Students set up an experiment as illustrated below.
​(a) Name the physiological process that resulted in the observations made after 30 minutes.
(b) State the importance of the physiological process investigated in plants. (c) Explain the observations made after 30 minutes.
answers
​(a) Osmosis;
(b) Absorption of water from the soil; opening and closing of stoma; feeding in insectivorous plants; support (in seedlings, leaves,herbaceous plants); Movement of water from cell to cell in plants. (c) The thistle funnel gained water by osmosis; because the sucrose solution was hypertonic;
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2015PP1QN05
How is the low power objective lens manipulated to focus a specimen for observation under a light microscope?
answers
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2015PP1QN05
State two advantages of using a coverslip when preparing a specimen for observation under a light microscope.
answers
​(i) To hold the specimen in place;
(ii) Protects specimen from dehydration/drying up/dust particles; (iii)Protect objective lens from staining. K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2015PP1QN04
Colour blindness is a sex linked trait controlled by a recessive gene b. If a mother is a carrier and the father is normal, what is the chance that their son will be colour blind? Show your working.
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2015PP1QN03
.An individual is of blood group B positive.
(a) Name the antigens in the individual’s blood. (b) Give the reason why the individual cannot receive blood from a blood group A donor.
answers
​(a) (Antigen) B; Rhesus (antigen)/Rhesus factor/Antigen D
(b) Has antibody a in the blood plasma of the recipient and will correspond with antigen A in the donor’s blood, hence there will be antigen antibody reaction/agglutination. K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2015PP1QN02
During a lesson, students observed the structure of bat, cat and human forelimbs to determine their evolutionary relationship.
(a) State the name given to the structure of the limbs observed by the students. (b) Name the type of evolution illustrated by the structure of the limbs observed. (c) What evidence of evolution is illustrated by the limbs? (d) State the significance of the type of evolution illustrated by the limbs.
answers
​(a) The pentadacty/ limb/homologous structures;
(b) Divergent evolution/adaptive radiation; (c) Comparative anatomy; (d) It allows the organisms to exploit different habitats to reduce competition;
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2015PP1QN01
State two guidelines that should be followed when typing scientific names.
answers
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2015PP1QN01
What is meant by the term binomial nomenclature?
answer
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2014PP2QN08
Describe the role of the human skin in homeostasis.
answers
When body temperature is lowered below normal; arterioles in the skin constrict; blood is diverted to a shunt system; less blood flows to the skin/less heat is lost; when body temperature is raised above normal;arterioles in the skin dilate;more blood flows to the skin; more heat is lost by convection and radiation;when body temperature is lowered below normal:erector-pilli muscle s contract, hair stands erect; more air is trapped, air is a bad conductor;and insulates the body against heat loss; when body temperature is raised above normal: erectorpi11i muscles relax, hair lies on skin;less air is trapped, more heat is lost; when body temperature is lowered below normal: less fluids are absorbed by sweat glands;less sweating, less vaporisation of water;
when body temperature is raised above normal:sweat glands are more stimulated and more sweat is produced; water in sweat evaporates and takes up heat from the body;body is cooled/body temperature is lowered;
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2014PP2QN08
How does excretion take place in plants?
answers
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2014PP2QN07
Describe the process of carbohydrate digestion in human beings.
answers
​In the mouth;
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2014PP2QN07
Explain how each of the following factors affects the rate of photosynthesis:
(i) temperature; (ii) chlorophyll concentration.
answers
(i) Reactions in photosynthesis are catalysed by enzymes; at optimum temperature photosynthesis proceeds faster;
Below optimum temperature the rate of photosynthesis decreases because enzymes are inactivated by the low temperatures / above optimum the rate of photosynthesis decreases because enzymes are denatured; (ii) Chlorophyll traps energy from sunlight for photosynthesis; The higher the chlorophyll concentration the higher the rate of photosynthesis and vice versa; K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2014PP2QN06
An experiment was done to determine the uptake of nitrogen from the soil by broad bean seedlings. The experiment was done with one set of seedlings M grown in the atmosphere enriched with carbon (IV) oxide and another set up of seedlings N grown in the normal atmosphere.
The amount of nitrogen in each seedling was measured in milligrams at intervals often days. The table below shows the results obtained.
​(a) Using the same axis draw line graphs of nitrogen uptake by the two (M and N) sets of broad bean seedlings against time.
(b) Determine the rate of uptake of nitrogen in Set M between 65 and 85 days. (c) (i) What is the relationship between carbon (IV) oxide concentration in the air and nitrogen uptake? (ii) Account for the relationship in (c)(i) above. (d) (i) What would happen to the concentration of nitrogen in the seedlings in set M, if after 75 days the seedlings are transferred to a normal atmosphere. (ii) Explain your answer in (d)(i) above. (e) State three ways in which nitrogen fixation occurs.
answers
(c) (i) The higher the carbon UV) oxide content in air, the higher the nitrogen uptake and vice versa;
(ii) More Carbon (IV) oxide in the air makes the seedlings to photosynthesize more; hence more amino acids/protein; are formed in the dark stage; formation of amino acids/protein requires nitrogen; (d) (i) The concentration of nitrogen would remain constant; (ii) Despite decline in CO,; the nitrogen already absorbed/taken up by the plant will still remain: (iii) Lightning; By free-living bacteria/micro organisms; By Rhizobium (in root nodules of legumes); K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2014PP2QN05
The diagram below represents the transverse section of the spinal cord.
​(a) Name the part labelled H.
(b) State two functions of the fluid found in the part labelled J. (c) Give a reason for the colour of white matter. (d) Name and give the function of the enzyme found at the part labelled K. Name Function (e) On the diagram, use an arrow to show the direction of impulse transmission along the neurone labelled 1.
answers
(a) H - cell body;
(b) Has nutrients for nourishment of neurons, brain, spinal cord; ​Acts as a shock absorber for protection of spinal cord from mechanical damage; (c) Contains myelin sheaths (of neurons which are made up of fats that make it have a shiny white appearance); (d) Cholinesterase: Breaks down Acetyicholine; to acetic acid and choline; (e) Correct arrow on neurone 1 points towards the grey matter;
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2014PP2QN04
Explain why people with sickle cell trait have an adaptive survival advantage over normal individuals in malaria endemic regions.
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K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2014PP2QN04
Differentiate between sickle cell anaemia and sickle cell trait.
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K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2014PP2QN04
How is sex determined in man?
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