Mastering KCSE Biology with Comprehensive Topical Questions and Answers
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2006PP1QN16
What is the importance of the following in an ecosystem?
a) Decomposers b) Predation
answers
(a) Decomposer – recycling of nutrients
(b) Predation – regulation of numbers/ population
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K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2006PP1QN14
Why is oxygen necessary in the germination of seeds?
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K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2006PP1QN14
Distinguish between epigeal and hypogeal germination.
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K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2006PP1QN09
What is significance of meiosis?
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K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2006PP1QN09
State two processes which occur during anaphase of mitosis.
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K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2006PP1QN02
​Name the part of the flower that develops into
a) Seed b) Fruit
answers
(a) Ovule
(b) Ovary K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2005PP1QN17
After an ecological study of feeding relationships students Constructed the food web below.
a) Name the process through which energy from the sun is incorporated into the food web.
b) State the mode of feeding of the birds in the food web c) Name two ecosystems in which the organisms in the food web live d) From the information in the food web, construct a food chain with the large bird as a quarternary consumer. e) What would happen to the organisms in the food web if bird N migrated? f) Not all the energy from one trophic level is available to the next level. Explain g) (i) Two organisms which play a role in the ecosystems are not included in the food web. Name them. (ii) State the role played by the organisms named in g(i) above. h) i) State three human activities that would affect the ecosystems. ii) Explain how the activities stated in h(i) above would affect the ecosystems.
answers
​a)Photosynthesis
b)Heterotrophic – holozoic c) Small fish pond / dam, rain forests. d) Algae Zoo plankton small fish bird large bird. e)-Snails would increase in number -Bird M would increase in number. -Green plants would decrease in number f) The energy to be passed on from one trophic level to the next is contained in food materials. Most of the food taken in by consumers passed on from one trophic level to the next is consumers passes through the digestive track as undigested matter that is removed as faeces. The digested materials are absorbed in to the bloodstream and conveyed to various tissues of the body. Most of the absorbed food materials are used in respiration, to Produce is lost as heat during sweating, evaporation and transpiration in plants. g)i) Scavengers e.g. vultures Decomposers e.g. bacteria ii) Scavengers feed on dead bodies of herbivores and carnivore / the consumers. -Decomposers act upon the remains of the producers, consumers, & Scavengers causing decay, to release inorganic materials, which are later re-used by producers to make new organic compounds. h) i) -Deforestation -Overgrazing -Soil erosion -Hunting, poaching -Over fishing -Poor waste disposal // Environmental pollution ii) Deforestation Lack of trees leads to reduced number producers in an ecosystem. Overgrazing Many animals eat away and trample the vegetation hence reducing / depleting the number of producers. -Lead to gully erosion hence carrying away some of the underground and crawling animals (Consumers) K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2005PP1QN15
a) What is meant by the terms
(i) Epigymous flower (ii) Staminate flower? b) How are the male parts of wild pollinated flowers adapted to their function?
answers
a)i) A flower whose ovary is situated below the other floral parts.
ii) A flower with only the male reproductive parts parts (male flower) b) Larger anthers. Anther loosely attached Flexible filament Small, smooth and light pollen grains
​K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2005PP1QN08
Name three factors in seeds that cause dormancy.
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K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2004PP1QN19
Explain how a biotic factors affect plants
answers
Wind.
In windy conditions the rate of transpiration increases; wind disperses fruits/ seeds; is an agent of pollination; acc. Spores for seed. Temperature Changes in temperatures affects the rate of photosynthesis and other biochemical reactions/ metabolic reactions/ enzymatic reactions/ enzymatic reactions, temperature increases rate of transpiration; Lights Plants need light for photosynthesis, some plants need light for flowering/ photoperiodism/ seeds like lettuce require light for germination. Humidity When humidity is low, the rate of transpiration increases; PH Each plant requires a specific pH to grow well/ acidic/ alkalinity/ neutral; Salinity Plants with salt tolerant tissues grow in saline area, plants in estuaries adjust to salt fluctuations; Topography North facing slopes in temperature lands have more plants than south facing slope Plants on windward side have stunted/ distorted growth; Comparisons of mountains and valleys Description of other areas with other topographies e.g. River valley rainfall/ water - Fewer plants in areas/ semi arid and - Water is needed for germination/ is a raw material for photosynthesis/ dissolves/ minerals salts/ provides turgidity for support/ fruits/ seeds Pressure; Variation in atmospheric pressure affect availability of CO+2+ which affects photosynthesis and low pressure increase rate of transpiration; and affect amount of oxygen; for respiration Mineral salts/ trace elements - Affects distribution of plants in the soils - Plants thrive well where there are mineral salts in the soil Plants living in the soil deficient in particular mineral element have special methods obtaining it; for example legumes obtaining from nitrogen by fixation or carnivorous. K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2004PP1QN17
During germination and growth of a cereal, the dry weight of endosperm, the embryo and total dry weight were determined at two – day intervals. The results are shown in the table below.
a) Using the same axes, draw graphs of dry weigh of endosperm, embryo and the total dry weight against time
b) What is the total dry weight on day 5? c) Account for: i) Decrease in dry weight of endosperm from day 0 to 10 ii) Increase in dry weight of embryo from day 0 day 10 iii) Decrease in total dry weight from day 0 to day 8 iv) Increase in total dry weight after day 8 d)Dormancy. i) Within a seed ii) Outside the seed e) Give two characteristics of meristematic cells
answers
​(b) 38.5 (mg); Acc. + 0.5 ( i.e. 38 – 39)
(c) (i) Hydrolysis of starch into simple sugars; which are translocated to the embryo; Respiration/ to give energy/ heat/ gases Acc. Simple sugar oxidized (ii) New materials are synthesized from protein); bringing about growth of embryo; acc new cells/ protoplasm synthesized (iii) The rate of respiration is faster than that of synthesis of materials for growth (iv) First leaf (carried out photosynthesis) leading to growth (d) (i) Presence of absiscic acid/ germination inhibitors; Embryo not fully developed Absence of hormones/ enzymes that stimulate germination Impermeable seed coat; rej hard seed coat Acc. Inactive enzymes/ hormones/ absence of gibberellins/ cytokinins. (ii) – Unsuitable / unfavourable temperature - absence of light - lack of water - lack of oxygen (c) Dense cytoplasm - Thin cell wall - Absence of vacuoles ( cell sap)
​K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2004PP1QN11
Fruit formation without fertilization is called
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K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2004PP1QN05
During which phase of meiosis does crossing over occur.
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K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2003PP1QN16
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2003PP1QN16
a) What is meant by:
i) Autecology ii) Synecology? b) The number and distribution of stomata on three different leaves are shown in the table below:
Suggest the possible habitat of the plants from which the leaves were obtained
Leaf Habitat A B C (c) State the modifications found in the stomata of leaf C.
answers
a) i) study of a single species within a community / ecosystem /habitat / environment.
ii) Synecology? Study of natural communities within an ecosystem b) Leaf Habitat A aquatic / fresh water B Forest; Terrestrial C Arid / semi arid; desert. c) Sunken Hairy Reserved rhythm Small stomatal pore K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2003PP1QN07
The diagram below represents regions of a root tip.
a) Name the tow regions above X in ascending order
b) State the function of the part labeled X
answers
a) Zone of cell division Acc cell multiplication
Zone of cell elongation / enlargement; Acc expansion for elongation b) To protect root tip
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2002PP1QN19
Describe the role of hormones in the growth and development of plants.
answers
Indole acetic acid/IAA/ Auxins
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2002PP1QN17
State four advantages of vegetation propagation.
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K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2002PP1QN17
Give a reason for grafting in plants
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K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2002PP1QN17
What structures are produced by sisal for vegetative propagation?
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K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2002PP1QN15
Ascaris lumbricoides in an example for an endo – parasite
a) The name Ascaris refers to b) State the habitat of the organism c) State three ways in which the organism is adapted to living in its habitat.
answers
(a) Genus
(b) Ileum/ colon/ duodenum/ intestines/ of humans or intestines of pig (c) Lack of elaborate elementary canal ( simple guts) can tolerate raw corn Thick cuticle pellicle, reject the outer covering lays many eggs Mouthparts for sucking partly digested food K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2002PP1QN13
The chart below shows the number of chromosomes before and after cell division and fertilization in a mammal.
a) What type of cell division takes place at Z
b) Where in the body of a female does process Z occur c) On the chart, indicate the position of parents and gametes d) Name the process that leads to addition or loss of one or more chromosomes. e) State three benefits of polyploidy in plants to a farmer
answers
​a) Meiosis
b) Ovary c) parent must be the 2n top; any ‘n’ is a gamete d) Non – dysfunctions e) increased yields / highbred Vigor, Resistance decreases Resistance to drought. Explain why the carrying of wild animals is higher than that for cattle in a given piece of land.17/6/2020
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2002PP1QN07​
Explain why the carrying of wild animals is higher than that for cattle in a given piece of land.
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K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2002PP1QN05
State two characters that researchers select in breeding programme.
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K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2002PP1QN04
During germination and early growth, the day weight of the endosperm decreases while that of the embryo increases. Explain.
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K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2001PP1QN18b
State the change that take place in a flower after fertilization
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