Mastering KCSE Biology with Comprehensive Topical Questions and Answers
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2018PP1QN20
Define the term analogous structures.
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K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2018PP1QN19
The diagrams below illustrate some forms of beaks in birds.
​(a) Which diagram represents the beak from which the others are likely to have evolved?
(b) Explain your answer in (a) above.
answers
​ (a) Beak M
(b) Beak M is simple/basic; original beak; the birds separated to occupy different niches; and specialized for different diets; leading to more complex/developed beaks over time; K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2018PP1QN18
​A tall, light skinned lady with pimples on her face has long hair and limps.
(a) List two features which the lady has that are due to inheritance.
(b) Explain why most recessive genes are expressed phenotypically in male offspring of humans.
answers
​(a) Height (tallness);
Long hair; Skin colour (light); (b) Most of the genes are sex-linked and are carried on the X - chromosomes; boys receive X chromosomes from the mother (and Y chromosomes from the father); if the X carries a recessive gene, it is more likely to be phenotypically expressed in boys;
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2018PP1QN17
Explain the role of carbonic anhydrase in red blood cells.
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K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2018PP1QN16
Name the bones that articulate to form a ball and socket joint at the hip.
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K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2018PP1QN15
Explain why a bony fish dies shortly after being removed from water.
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K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2018PP1QN14
The diagram below illustrates a germinating seedling.
​(a) Name the type of germination illustrated in the diagram
(b) Describe how the type of germination named in (a) above is brought about.
answers
​(a) Epigeal;
(b) Hypocotyl elongates faster than the epicotyl; pushing cotyledons above the ground;
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2018PP1QN13
State two limitations of using a quadrat to estimate the population of organisms.
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K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2018PP1QN11
Name three structures of the skin essential for its homeostatic function.
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K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2018PP1QN11
State one homeostatic role of the human skin.
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K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2018PP1QN10
Name two products of respiration in plants.
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K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2018PP1QN09
The diagram below represents an organ in a bony fish
​(a) Name the organ.
(b) Describe how air in water reach the capillaries inside structure L.
ANSWERS
a) Gill;
b) Fish mouth opens lowering pressure in buccal cavity and water rushes in; mouth closes increasing pressure that forces water into the gill cavity/opercular cavity; O2 rich water flows over the gills in a counter current direction to capillary blood flow; causing O2 to diffuse into the gill capillaries;
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2018PP1QN07
State three activities in the human digestive System that depend on respiration.
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K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2018PP1QN07
Define respiration
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K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2018PP1QN06
The diagram below illustrates tissue fluid and cells surrounding a capillary.
​(i)Name fluid G.
(ii) Give two ways by which fluid G is different from tissue fluid.
answers
(i) (Blood) plasma;
(ii) Has (more large) proteins/blood platelets; High (hydrostatic) pressure/low pressure of tissue fluid; Has red blood cells;
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2018PP1QN05
State why it is important for plants to lose water to the atmosphere.
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K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2018PP1QN04
A group of form two students placed a fresh leaf in warm water. They observed that air bubbles formed on the surface of the leaf.
(a) What biological process were they investigating? (b) Name the structures from which the air bubbles were coming from. (c) Explain the distribution of the structures named in (b) above on the leaf surfaces of a land plant.
answers
​a) Photosynthesis;/gaseous exchange in plants;
b) Stoma/somata; c) Are more on the lower surface of terrestrial plants/fewer on the upper surface; to reduce transpiration;
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2018PP1QN03
Which sets of teeth would be used in chewing sugarcane for maximum extraction of sap?
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K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2018PP1QN02
State two observable features that place a millipede into its Class.
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K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2018PP1QN01
​(a) Name the cell organelle found in abundance in the white blood cells.
(b) Give a reason for your answer in (a) above.
answers
a)Lysosomes/golgi apparatus;
b)White blood cells fight pathogens to protect the body, the lysosomes contain lytic enzymes which destroy pathogens;/golgi apparatus synthesize lysosomes which contain lytic enzymes that destroy parthogens;
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2017PP2QN08
Describe how the mammalian eye is structurally adapted to its function.
answers
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2017PP2QN07
Explain the importance of protecting the forest ecosystem with reference to the following:
(a) climate change (b) biodiversity (c) biotechnology (d) water conservation (e) pollution.
answers
a) Climate change
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2017PP2QN06
In an investigation, two potted plants G and H belonging to the same species were exposed to increasing light intensities at different temperatures, 30°C and 20°C respectively. The rate of photosynthesis was measured for each plant and results recorded as shown in the table below:
​(a) On the same axis, plot graphs of rate of photosynthesis against light intensity for plants G and H.
(b) State the aim of the investigation. (c) Account for the difference in the rate of photosynthesis in the two plants. (d) Account for the difference in the rate of photosynthesis in the two plants between the following light intensities: (i) 1—4 units (ii) 4—8 units. (e) (i) Predict the rate of photosynthesis at light intensity of 16 units. (ii) Give a reason for your answer in (e) (i) above. (f) State one internal and one external factor that could be limiting in the investigation.
answers
b) To investigate/compare the effect of (varying) light intensity/temperature on the rate of photosynthesis;
c) Rate of photosynthesis is higher in plant G (than H); (Photosynthesis being an enzymatic process), enzymes were subjected to favourable/optimal temperatures (of 30°C): hence more activated, unlike in plant H where temperatures were lower (20C); d) (i) 1-4 units Rapid increase in rate of photosynthesis increases with the increase in light intensity; due to increase in light energy for photosynthesis/formation of more ATP molecules; (ii) 4 — 8 units Slower/gradual increase in the rate of photosynthesis as the light intensity increases: because other factors become limiting/some chlorophyll molecules start bleaching; e) i) Slight increase/no significant increase/remains constant; ii) The optimum light intensity has been exceeded/some chlorophyll could be destroyed; f) Internal factor — Chlorophyll/enzyme concentration; External factor — Carbon (IV) oxide concentration/amount of water;
K.C.S.E Biology Q & A - MODEL 2017PP2QN05
State how in-breeding leads to reduced hybrid vigour
answer
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