Comprehensive Resources for Agriculture: Topical Questions, Past Papers, and Answers
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Understanding Economic Injury Level and Integrated Pest Management in Crop ProductionDifferentiate the following terms as used in crop production.
Detailed Answer: Differentiating Economic Injury Level and Integrated Pest Management in Crop Production
While both economic injury level and integrated pest management are related to pest control in crop production, they differ in their specific focus and approach. Here is a breakdown of the two terms and their distinctions:
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Integrated Pest Management (IPM): A Holistic Approach to Sustainable Pest ControlWhat is integrated pest management
Detailed Answer: Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is an approach to pest control that involves the combination and integration of various methods to manage pests while minimizing the hazards to users and the environment. It is a holistic and sustainable approach that focuses on long-term pest management strategies rather than relying solely on chemical pesticides. IPM emphasizes the use of multiple pest control techniques, including cultural, biological, mechanical, and chemical methods, to effectively manage pests in an environmentally friendly and economically viable manner. The goal of IPM is to maintain pest populations below the economic injury level while reducing reliance on chemical pesticides. Here are the key components and principles of Integrated Pest Management:
Economic Injury Level of a Pest: Determining the Threshold for Pest ControlDefine the term ‘economic injury level of a pest
Detailed Answer: Economic Injury Level of a Pest
The term "economic injury level" refers to the point at which the damage caused by a pest surpasses the tolerance level of a crop, necessitating the implementation of control measures. It is the pest population density or infestation level at which the cost of the damage inflicted on the crop outweighs the cost of implementing pest control measures. The economic injury level serves as a threshold or trigger point for farmers and pest management professionals to determine when it becomes economically justifiable to intervene and control the pest population. This level is determined by considering several factors, including the crop's value, market prices, yield potential, the cost of control measures, and the potential damage caused by the pest. When the pest population reaches or exceeds the economic injury level, the damage inflicted on the crop becomes significant enough to cause economic losses. At this point, it is no longer feasible to tolerate the pest population and take no action. Instead, control measures must be implemented to prevent further damage and reduce economic losses. The economic injury level is essential for making informed decisions regarding pest management. It helps farmers determine the most appropriate time to initiate control measures and select the most cost-effective and efficient methods for pest control. By taking action at the economic injury level, farmers can prevent excessive crop damage, protect their yields, and maximize their economic returns. In conclusion, the economic injury level of a pest is the point at which the damage caused by the pest exceeds the tolerance level of the crop, necessitating the implementation of control measures. It serves as a threshold for determining when it becomes economically justifiable to intervene and combat the pest population in order to minimize economic losses. Cultural Methods of Pest Control in Stored Grains: Creating a Healthy Crop EnvironmentGive five cultural methods of pest control in stored grains
Detailed Answer: Cultural Methods of Pest Control in Stored Grains
Cultural methods of pest control in stored grains involve implementing specific practices during the cultivation and management of crops to minimize pest infestations. These methods focus on creating an unfavorable environment for pests and reducing their population. Here are some common cultural methods used in pest control for stored grains:
Proper Storage Practices in Pest Control: Ensuring Quality and Preventing InfestationsState two proper storage practices used in pest control.
Detailed Answer: Proper Storage Practices in Pest Control
Implementing proper storage practices is crucial in pest control to prevent infestations and protect stored crops from damage. Here are some important storage practices that help maintain the quality and integrity of stored grains:
Advantages of Biological Pest Control: Meeting Demand for Safe and Sustainable ProductsGive two advantages of biological method of controlling pests over chemical control.
Detailed Answer: Advantages of Biological Pest Control over Chemical Control
Biological pest control, a method that utilizes natural organisms to manage pest populations, offers several advantages over chemical control methods. This approach focuses on promoting ecological balance and sustainability while minimizing the use of synthetic chemicals. Here are the advantages of biological pest control:
Disadvantages of Pesticide Use in Farm Pest Control: Costs, Environmental Impact, Resistance, and Health ConcernsState four disadvantages of using pesticides in control of pests in farms.
Detailed Answer: Disadvantages of Using Pesticides in Pest Control on Farms
While pesticides are commonly used for pest control in farms, they come with several disadvantages that must be taken into consideration. It is important for farmers to be aware of these drawbacks to make informed decisions about their pest management strategies. Here are some disadvantages of using pesticides in the control of pests on farms:
Effects of Aphids on Plants: Sap Sucking and Viral Disease TransmissionState two effects of aphids on plants.
Detailed Answer: Effects of Aphids on Plants
Aphids, also known as plant lice, are small insects that can have detrimental effects on plants. These pests feed by sucking the sap from plant tissues, which can lead to several negative consequences for the affected plants. Here are two significant effects of aphids on plants:
State any four non – chemical methods of controlling storage pests in a maize crop.a) State any four non – chemical methods of controlling storage pests in a maize crop.
b) Give any two factors that should be considered before deciding to use a chemical method of pest control in a grain store.
The list below shows some of the common bean pests. Use them to answer the questions that follow.11/11/2023 The list below shows some of the common bean pests. Use them to answer the questions that follow.The list below shows some of the common bean pests. Use them to answer the questions that follow.
(a) Name the part and stage of the crops growth when the pests labelled A, B, C and D attack.
(c) Give two methods of controlling B and C.
Name two bird pests that a farmer should control in a field of Bulrush millet plantation.11/11/2023 Bird Pests in Bulrush Millet Plantation: Identifying and Controlling ThreatsName bird pests that a farmer should control in a field of Bulrush millet plantation.
Detailed Answer: Bird Pests in a Field of Bulrush Millet Plantation
Bird pests can pose a significant threat to farmers, especially in fields of Bulrush millet plantation. These birds not only feed on the crops but also cause damage to the plants and reduce the overall yield. It is crucial for farmers to identify and control these bird pests to protect their crops and ensure a successful harvest. One of the bird pests that farmers need to control in a field of Bulrush millet plantation is the Sudan Dioch, scientifically known as Quelea Quelea Ethiopica. These birds are known for their large flocks and voracious appetite for grains, including millet. They can cause extensive damage to the crops, leading to significant yield losses. Controlling the population of Sudan Dioch is essential to protect the Bulrush millet plantation from their destructive feeding habits. The common weaver bird is another bird pest that farmers should be aware of and control in their Bulrush millet fields. Common weaver birds are known for their nest-building activities, which can cause damage to the crops. They construct their nests using twigs, grass, and other materials, and these nests can weigh down the plants, leading to breakage and reduced crop yield. Farmers should implement measures to deter or control the population of common weaver birds to minimize crop damage. In addition to wild birds, domestic fowl can also be considered as potential bird pests in a field of Bulrush millet plantation. Domestic fowl, such as chickens or ducks, can cause damage to the crops by scratching and pecking at the plants. They may also consume the millet grains, further reducing the yield. Farmers should ensure that their domestic fowl are properly contained and kept away from the millet field to prevent crop damage. To effectively control bird pests in a Bulrush millet plantation, farmers can employ various strategies. One common approach is the use of physical deterrents, such as scarecrows or reflective materials that can deter birds from landing in the field. Another method is the use of bird netting, which creates a barrier between the birds and the crops, preventing them from accessing and damaging the plants. Additionally, farmers can also implement sound devices or bird distress calls to discourage birds from approaching the field. It is important for farmers to be proactive in identifying and controlling bird pests in their Bulrush millet fields. By implementing appropriate measures, farmers can protect their crops from the damaging effects of bird feeding and nesting behaviors, ensuring a successful harvest and optimal yield. Protecting Sorghum Fields: Effective Bird Control Methods for FarmersGive methods used in controlling birds in a field planted with sorghum.
Detailed Answer: Methods Used in Controlling Birds in a Field Planted with Sorghum
Birds can pose a significant threat to sorghum crops, causing damage by feeding on the grains and seedlings. To protect sorghum fields from bird damage, several control methods can be employed. Here are some methods used in controlling birds in a field planted with sorghum:
Additionally, it is essential to follow local regulations and guidelines regarding bird control to ensure that these methods do not harm protected bird species or disrupt the ecological balance. By employing methods such as planting resistant varieties, using physical scaring techniques like scarecrows and throwing earth, and tying glittering ribbons across the field, farmers can deter birds from causing significant damage to sorghum crops. These methods contribute to the overall protection and productivity of sorghum fields, ensuring a successful harvest. Managing Sorghum Shoot Fly: Effective Control Measures for State AuthoritiesState control measures of sorghum shoot fly.
Detailed Answer: State Control Measures of Sorghum Shoot Fly
The sorghum shoot fly is a devastating pest that affects sorghum crops, causing significant damage and yield loss. To mitigate the impact of this pest, several control measures can be implemented. Here are some state control measures that can be taken to manage the sorghum shoot fly:
Additionally, integrated pest management (IPM) practices can be employed to enhance the control measures. This approach involves combining multiple strategies, such as cultural practices, biological control, resistant varieties, and monitoring systems, to reduce the reliance on chemical insecticides and promote sustainable pest management. It is important for state agricultural departments and extension services to provide farmers with timely information, training, and access to quality inputs for effective shoot fly control. Awareness campaigns, workshops, and demonstrations can further educate farmers on the importance of implementing these control measures and the potential economic benefits associated with managing the pest effectively. By implementing early planting, close season, and appropriate insecticides, in conjunction with integrated pest management practices, the state can effectively control the sorghum shoot fly and minimize the losses incurred by farmers. These control measures contribute to sustainable agriculture and the overall food security of the region. Protecting the Harvest: Pest Control Methods for Established Sorghum FieldsGive methods of controlling pests in an established field of sorghum.
Detailed Answer: Methods of Controlling Pests in an Established Field of Sorghum
Controlling pests in an established field of sorghum is crucial to ensure a healthy crop and maximize yields. Here are some effective methods that can be employed:
The diagram below shows a physiological disease in tomatoes. Use it to answer the questions that follow a) Identify the disease illustrated above.
b) Give three causes of the condition shown above.
c) Suggest two control measures of the disease.
d) Apart from the condition above, state one disease which affects tomatoes
Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow. (a) Identify organism M.
(b) Name a disease in tomatoes that is caused by the organism in group M.
(c) Identify the disease condition illustrated by N.
(d) Give four methods that can be used to control the disease named in c above.
Below is an illustration of a maize cob attacked by smut disease. Study it carefully and answer the questions that follow: a) Beside what is visible on the maize cob. State two other symptoms of the disease.
b) State three control measures of the above disease.
The diagram below shows a banana fruit infected by a certain disease. Identify the disease
Suggest any one control measure for the disease you have named in (a)
The diagram below shows a fungal disease in a section of a potato leaf. a) Identify the fungal disease indicated above.
(b) State the causal organism of the disease identified above.
(c) Give two symptoms of the above disease.
d) State one control measure for the disease in the crop field.
Study the crop pest illustrated below.(a) Identify the crop pest.
(b) State two effects of the above pest.
(c) State three methods of controlling the pests.
Below is a diagram of sorghum seedling that has been attacked by a certain pest. (a) (i) Identify the pest.
(ii) State the damage that has been caused by the pest named in (a) (i) above.
(b) Give two control measures that can be used to control the pest.
Use the diagrams below to answer the question that followIdentify the crop pests labeled M, N and P
State one control measures of crop pests labeled M
State the damage caused to crops by crop pest labeled N
Study the illustration given and use it to answer the question that follow i) Identity the storage pest illustrated
ii) Explain two types of damage they cause on produce.
iii) Name the structural feature placed on the granary to prevent that pest
iv) Other than the feature named in (iii) above, state two other control measures of that storage pest
Below is a diagram of a bird labeled A. (i) Identify the pest
(ii) State two ways by which the bird causes loss in crops.
(iii) State four methods, which are used to control the pests.
The diagram below shows a crop pest; (a) Identify the crop pest
(b) State two damages the above pest would cause to crops
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